Macular Degeneration: Diagnosis & Treatment

Overview

Macular degeneration is a degenerative disease of the central part of the retina (macula), leading to progressive vision loss. The condition is classified into two forms:

• Dry Macular Degeneration – More common, progresses slowly, and currently has no definitive treatment.

• Wet Macular Degeneration – Less common but more severe, characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth beneath the retina, often leading to rapid vision deterioration.

Diagnosis

To assess macular health and determine the type of macular degeneration, the following diagnostic tests are performed:

• Fundus Examination – Evaluates the structure of the retina and detects abnormalities.

• Fluorescein Angiography – Uses a contrast dye to visualize retinal blood vessels.

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) – Provides high-resolution imaging of retinal layers to detect fluid leakage or structural changes.

Treatment Options

There is currently no specific treatment for dry macular degeneration, but lifestyle modifications, vitamin supplements, and regular monitoring may help slow progression.
For wet macular degeneration, the following treatments are available:

• Intraocular Injections – Anti-VEGF therapy to inhibit abnormal blood vessel growth.

• Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) – Uses laser-activated medication to seal leaking blood vessels.

• Panretinal Laser Coagulation – A laser treatment to reduce retinal damage and preserve vision.

Cost of Diagnosis & Treatment:

• 270,000 – 2,500,000 KRW