Moyamoya Disease: Diagnosis & Treatment

Overview
Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the gradual narrowing of the terminal segments of both internal carotid arteries, as well as their branches, the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. This condition is more common among individuals of the Mongoloid race.

• In children, Moyamoya disease often presents as ischemia or cerebral infarction (stroke due to reduced blood flow).

• In adults, it is more likely to manifest as a hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding in the brain due to fragile blood vessels).

• Since Moyamoya disease can mimic stroke, a differential diagnosis is essential to distinguish between the two conditions.

Diagnosis
To accurately diagnose Moyamoya disease and assess brain function, the following tests are performed:

• MRI/MRA of the brain – Visualizes narrowing of arteries and abnormal collateral vessel networks.

• PET-CT – Assesses cellular metabolism and blood flow in the brain.

• Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) – Used for postoperative prognosis and evaluating cerebral perfusion.

Treatment
The treatment approach focuses on improving blood flow to the brain and preventing strokes.

Treatment Options:

• Surgical Treatment:Direct Bypass Surgery – A procedure in which a healthy artery is connected to a brain vessel to restore blood flow.
  Indirect Bypass Surgery – Stimulates the formation of new collateral blood vessels over time.
  

• Medication Therapy – May include antiplatelet drugs, vasodilators, and other medications to improve circulation and reduce stroke risk.

Cost of Diagnosis & Treatment: 39,000,000 – 44,000,000 KRW