Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis & Treatment

Overview

Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from the glandular epithelial cells of the prostate. It is one of the most common cancers among men, particularly in older populations.

Risk Factors:

• Age – The incidence increases significantly after 50 years.

• Race – Higher prevalence among Caucasian men.

• Genetics & Family History – Individuals with a family history of prostate cancer have an increased risk.

Diagnosis

A comprehensive evaluation includes:

• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) – The primary screening method to detect abnormalities in the prostate.

• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test – Measures PSA levels in the blood, which should normally be ≤ 3-4 ng/mL. Elevated PSA levels may indicate cancer or other prostate conditions.

• MRI – Provides detailed imaging of the prostate and surrounding tissues.

• Prostate Biopsy – Performed when PSA levels are abnormal or MRI findings suggest malignancy.

Treatment

The treatment approach depends on the stage of cancer and overall patient health:

• Localized Prostate Cancer (No Metastases):Radical Prostatectomy – Complete removal of the prostate gland.
  Robotic-Assisted Surgery (Da Vinci System) – Minimally invasive technique reducing the risk of nerve and vascular damage, as well as erectile dysfunction.
  

• Advanced or Inoperable Cases:Radiotherapy – Used when surgery is not an option.
  Hormone Therapy – Prescribed in cases of disease progression to reduce testosterone levels, which fuel cancer growth.
  

Cost of Diagnosis & Treatment:

• 13,500,000 – 20,000,000 KRW