Scoliosis: Diagnosis & Treatment

Overview
A normal spine is straight in the frontal plane and has four natural curves in the sagittal plane. Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine abnormally curves to the right or left and may also involve rotational deformation of the vertebral bodies.

The most common type among adolescents is idiopathic scoliosis, which typically presents without symptoms. In rare cases, patients may experience lower back pain, though pain is not directly related to the degree or location of curvature. For instance, a person with 80-degree scoliosis may feel no pain, while someone with 20-degree scoliosis may experience significant discomfort.

Severity & Impact

• Mild scoliosis (angle < 70–80 degrees): Usually asymptomatic.

• Severe scoliosis (angle > 80 degrees): May gradually reduce lung function by decreasing vital lung capacity.

• Scoliosis > 90–100 degrees: Can cause shortness of breath during physical activity.

• Scoliosis > 120 degrees: May lead to pulmonary heart disease due to respiratory system strain.

Diagnosis
A thorough examination includes:

• Spinal X-ray – Determines the degree of curvature.

• MRI of the spine – Assesses structural abnormalities.

• Spirometry – Measures lung function and vital capacity.

• Ultrasound of the heart and abdomen – Performed in cases of congenital scoliosis to check for associated organ abnormalities.

Treatment
The goal of treatment depends on the severity of the condition:

• Mild scoliosis – Prevent further progression.

• Moderate to severe scoliosis – Correct deformity, stabilize the spine, improve appearance, and restore organ function.

Treatment Methods:

• Observation – Regular monitoring for progression.

• Corset Therapy – Bracing to prevent worsening of the curve.

• Surgical Treatment – Performed in severe cases to correct spinal curvature and maintain long-term stability.

Cost of Diagnosis & Treatment: 27,000,000 – 32,000,000 KRW